At present, the conservation of energy is one of the priorities of the tasks. This is due to the lack of primary energy resources, increase the cost of their production, and global environmental problems.
What is energy conservation?
The energy saving, the efficient use of energy resources through the use of innovative solutions that are technically viable, economically feasible and acceptable from an environmental and a social point of view, does not change the habitual way of life. This definition was formulated at an International energy conference.
The energy saving in each region is significantly reduced to reduce the useless loss of energy. An analysis of the losses in the production, distribution and consumption of electrical energy, shows that the majority of the losses – up to 90% – in terms of energy consumption, while transmission losses of electricity account for only 9-10%. Therefore, the main effort of the energy-saving potential is concentrated in the area of energy consumption.
Play a major role in increasing the efficiency of energy use belongs to modern energy-saving technologies. Energy-saving technologies, new or advanced technological process, characterized by a higher efficiency of use of fuel and energy resources (FER).
The introduction of energy-saving technologies in the economic activity of the enterprise and the individuals at the household level, it is an important step in solving many environmental problems – climate change, pollution (such as emissions from PLANTS, the depletion of fossil resources, etc.
Usually, the company carried out the following types of technologies, which provide significant energy saving effect:
- A common technique for a large number of companies related to the energy consumption (motors, variable speed, heat-exchangers, compressed air, lighting, steam, cooling equipment, drying equipment, etc.).
- The more efficient the production of energy, including a modern boiler houses, heat and electricity, but also heat, cold, and electricity; replace old industrial equipment with new, more efficient way.
- An alternative source of energy.
The power saving mode, it is particularly important for tools that work with a part-time basis, with a reduced burden, conveyors, pumps, fans, etc, There are a lot of devices which make it possible to achieve a reduction in the losses in the passage of the electrical equipment including capacitor Banks and variable frequency drives. The frequency of the variable drive with a built-in function of the power optimization of the adaptive change of frequency of rotation depending on the actual load, which saves up to 30% to 50% of the electricity consumption. It often does not require replacement of the standard engine, which is especially important when upgrading facilities. These energy saving drives and automation can be implemented on most industrial enterprises and the housing sector: from the elevators, and ventilation equipment of the companies of automation.
However, scientists have developed a setup in which a part of the heat passing into the pipe by the fire, in the production of natural gas, which is used to generate the extra power, capable of lighting five of the building's 16 floors.
Energy-saving technologies in the construction industry are complex, and this includes wall insulation, energy efficient roofing, energy-saving paints, glazing, efficient heating and cooling of the surface.
One of the most common energy saving technologies that have the potential for further improvements in the construction of the housing oil-fired boiler. Modern technology can significantly reduce energy consumption, reduce maintenance costs, increase the efficiency. In addition, the replacement of the boiler, often allows companies to switch from polluting and expensive coal or fuel oil, to cheaper and clean fuel, such as gas or wood pellets.
It also gives a great saving if, instead of having a separate Central heating units for the reception of each heating unit is equipped with a modern, noiseless pump, a compact and efficient plastic heat exchanger.
The organization of ventilation in the facility shall be used by the system for processing (recycling for re-use in the heat of the exhaust air and a variable flow of the air-handling unit, depending on the number of people in the building. These systems allow you to make the waste heat that is generated by people, lighting equipment, operating and office equipment, and thereby reduce the amount of heat from an external source to the heating system or the boiler.
An example of the homes that will allow a person to live in harmony with nature, and at the same time not depriving yourself of the usual comforts, in so-called home-zero energy (zero energy house or passive house (passive house), which are grouped together under the General term "energy efficient house".
"Energy-efficient", it would be a house in which a comfortable temperature in winter without a heating system, and in the summer without using the air conditioning system.
The house is an energy-efficient building it is necessary to do the following:
- The use of modern heat-insulation of pipelines of heating and hot water.
- Is the individual a source of energy for heating and for the supply of electricity (an individual boiler or a cogeneration source of energy.
- Heat pumps that use the earth's heat, heat is the exhaust of the ventilation air and the heat of the waste water.
- The solar panels for the domestic hot water system and a cooling system in the room.
- Heating system in each apartment with the use of heat meters and individual regulation of the thermal regime of the premises.
- A system of mechanical exhaust ventilation with individually adjustable, and in the heat of the exhaust air.
- Each apartment has a controller that optimizes the consumption of energy for heating and ventilation of the dwelling.
- Rotation, with the high thermal protection standards and heat-tolerance.
- The waste heat of solar radiation in the heat balance of the building, which is based on the optimal choice of, which is surrounded by a sheer fabric.
- Devices that use scattered solar radiation to improve the lighting and reduce energy consumption for lighting.
- The selection of the models of shading devices, depending on the set-up and the irradiation of fronts every season.
- The use of the heat from the return water of the heating system for the Underfloor heating in the bathroom.
- A monitoring system for heat and power, micro-climate of the premises and the technical equipment of the building, on the basis of a mathematical model of the building as a single energy system.
There are also other ways to optimise the use of electricity, not only in manufacturing, but also in everyday life. Thus, it has been a long-known "smart" lighting system. Energy-saving effect is based on the fact that the light is automatically turned on when you need it. The switch has a built-in optical sensor, and a microphone. A day in the high-light conditions, the backlight is disabled. At dusk, the activation of the microphone. If it has a radius of 5 m of the noise (e.g., footsteps, or the sound of a door opening), the light automatically comes on and remains on as long as the person is in the room. Such lighting systems that use incandescent bulbs to save energy.
Led lights allow you to achieve significant savings in energy consumption compared to traditional light sources incandescent lamps (80%), and lighting (over 40%). These lamps can be used in the illumination of various items: for the pedestrian underpasses and car parks, garden and park lighting, street lighting, lighting in the residential, and emergency lighting.
There are promising energy projects in the transport sector. American engineers come close to the production of the motor car, which is equipped with attachments that convert the exhaust heat into electrical energy. The Generator, which is attached to the damper, which converts the heat of the exhaust gases into electricity, which can ensure the operation of the air-conditioning control systems, hi-fi systems, etc.
German scientists have developed a highly efficient, energy-saving appliances, which are required for vehicles with hybrid engines. The device works with the help of the oil on the highway, and the electricity in the city, and thus, with a relatively less power.
In my house, each and every user is able to save power by taking into account the following rules:
- Replace incandescent bulbs with modern, energy-efficient light bulbs.
- If you want to turn off unused appliances (e.g., TV, VCR, sound system).
- The electric panel for the use of the container with a bottom, which is equal to, or slightly exceeds the diameter of the burner, do not use a pan with a curved bottom.
- Washable in the washing machine with a full load and select a wash cycle.
- Keep an electric kettle a boiler scale.
- Do not dry the linen of the poor, it saves when Pressing.
- Often, the change of the bag to collect the dust into the cleaner.
- To put the refrigerator in the most cool place of kitchen.
- Use light curtains and Wallpaper.
- Often, washing a window, on the window sills to put up a a small number of colors.
- Do not close the blackout curtains, and a radiator.